30 00 N, 70 00 E

total: 803,940 sq km
land: 778,720 sq km
water: 25,220 sq km

total: 6,774 km
border countries: Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km

1,046 km

territorial sea: 12 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Mostly ht, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north

flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan plateau in west

land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone

arable land: 27.87%
permanent crops: 0.87%
other: 71.26% (2001)

180,000 sq km (1998 est.)

159,196,336 (July 2004 est.)

0-14 years: 40.2% (male 32,919,441; female 31,058,929)
15-64 years: 55.8% (male 45,381,469; female 43,377,613)
65 years and over: 4.1% (male 3,123,594; female 3,335,290) (2004 est.)

1.98% (2004 est.)

31.22 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)

8.67 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)

total: 74.43 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 74 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
male: 74.84 deaths/1,000 live births

total population: 62.61 years
male: 61.69 years
female: 63.58 years (2004 est.)

4.29 children born/woman (2004 est.)

Muslim 97% (Sunni 77%, Shi'a 20%), Christian, Hindu, and other 3%

Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official and lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8%

definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 45.7%
male: 59.8%
female: 30.6% (2003 est.)

federal republic

Islamabad

14 August 1947 (from UK)

Republic Day, 23 March (1956)

Supreme Court (justices appointed by the president); Federal Islamic or Shari'a Court

green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the hoist side; a large white crescent and star are centered in the green field; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam

purchasing power parity - $318 billion (2003 est.)

5.5% (2003 est.)

purchasing power parity - $2,100 (2003 est.)

agriculture: 23.3%
industry: 23.5%
services: 53.2% (2003 est.)

12.9% of GDP (2003)

35% (2001 est.)

lowest 10%: 4.1%
highest 10%: 27.6% (FY96/97)

2.9% (2003 est.)

43.98 million
note: extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use of child labor (2003)

agriculture 44%, industry 17%, services 39% (1999 est.)

7.7% plus substantial underemployment (2003 est.)

cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; milk, beef, mutton, eggs

textiles and apparel, food processing, pharmaceuticals, construction materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp

7.6% (2003 est.)

23.4 billion cu m (2001 est.)

23.4 billion cu m (2001 est.)

$3.358 billion (2003)

$11.7 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

textiles (garments, bed linen, cotton cloth, and yarn), rice, leather goods, sports goods, chemicals, manufactures, carpets and rugs

US 22.6%, UAE 9.4%, UK 6.9%, Germany 5.3%, Saudi Arabia 4.2%, Hong Kong 4.2% (2003 est.)

$12.51 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, plastics, transportation equipment, edible oils, paper and paperboard, iron and steel, tea

UAE 11.6%, China 11.5%, Saudi Arabia 10.5%, Kuwait 6.4%, Japan 6.3%, US 5.8%, Germany 4.4%, Malaysia 4% (2003 est.)

$11.67 billion (2003)

Pakistani rupee (PKR)

Pakistani rupees per US dollar - 57.752 (2003), 59.7238 (2002), 61.9272 (2001), 53.6482 (2000), 49.1183 (1999)

1 July - 30 June

3,982,800 (2003)

2,624,800 (2003)

.pk

15,124 (2003)

30 (2000)

1.5 million (2002)

total: 8,163 km
broad gauge: 7,718 km 1.676-m gauge (293 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 445 km 1.000-m gauge (2003)

total: 254,410 km
paved: 109,396 km (including 339 km of expressways)
unpaved: 145,014 km (1999)

Karachi, Port Muhammad bin Qasim

129 (2003 est.)

15 (2003 est.)